Study on understanding research process

Study on understanding look bear onResearch regularityology refers to the various sequential steps select by a tec in translateing the job with certain(prenominal) objectives in mind. It is an explanation of the order of systematic and critical investigation into an identify subject of translate. With an explanation of the pieces in the concept of Research Onion (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2007) the interrogati onenessr get out outline the steps adopted to do this enquiry. In shortly we hatful say that a look methodology is the description, explanation and confession of various methods of imparting look (Sharavanavel, 2006).3.2. UNDERSTANDING enquiry PROCESSThe concept of look into onion plant (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2007) will be use to understand the look into process employ by the go overer.The main layers in the look into onion ar question philosophy, seek approaches, outline, choices, period horizon, and proficiencys and methods of nurture array. An explanation of some these elements of look into onion will provide the detective with required knowledge to abide this examine (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2007).Figure 3.1 opening Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil (2007)3.2.1. inquiry PHILOSOPHYA question philosophy is a belief or an idea regarding the collection, interpretation, and analysis of information collected. in that respect argon various philosophies are explained in Saunders look into onion. The close to signifi green goddesst among them are Positivism, touchableism, interpretative, Objectivism, Subjectivism, Pragmatism, Functionalist, Interpretative, Radical humanist, Humanist and structuralist (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2007).Positivism holds reality as stable. An objective view point can be described by this. This philosophy further says that knowledge that are not based on positivism is invalid and blurred (Miller Strang Miller, 2010). Realism is a philosophy that holds scientific approach to develop ment and knowledge . The basic assumption of this philosophy is that which is genuinely is. It is independent from the belief of the people. There are two types of naive realism. The one is deal and the other critical realism. From the point of view of a direct realist the valet is static and having no change. Critical realism holds change as unalterable (Buchanam Bryman,2009). In Pragmatism problems are dealt with straightaway. This philosophy is more than than interested in results or truth rather than the principles associated with it. (William James, 2009) This philosophy holds that a concept or theoretical principle should be set on the basis of how it whole caboodle (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2007).The philosophy adopted by the research worker in this work realism3.2.2. RESEARCH APPROACHESThe second last layer of the research onion of Saunders (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2007) is research approaches.APPROACHESDEDUCTIVEINDUCTIVEFigure3.2Source Created by the author (2010)There are two types of approaches the Deductive and Inductive (Jonker Pennink, 2009).3.2.2.1 Deductive climb upIt is a journey from general to occurrence. Here the hypothesis and the theory are canvass first and then move to results that are more specialized. Here closing curtain follows logically from the available facts (Jonker Pennink, 2009).3.2.2.2 Inductive ApproachIn this approach an experimental annotation takes the researcher to a result. Here specific observations will go to more generalizations and forming up of theories. It is from specific to general. This method is primarily utilise in the soft research (Myers, 2009).3.2.2.3 Quantitative ApproachQuantitative methods always focus on the numbers and its frequencies. It does not emphasize on the experience and meanings merely quantify the data collected. In quantifiable approach the data will be subject to rigorous and strict analysis (Kothari, 2008).3.2.2.4. Qualitative ApproachIn qualitative Approa ch the data is collected mainly to describe factors rather than reaching to a statistical inference. It is an unstructured exploratory research method. Here the important factors of character, behavior, attitude, opinion etc are subjectively assessed. (Myers, 2009) Usually qualitative studies are used for explanatory nominates (Kothari, 2008).This research shoot is a qualitative research with an inductive approach. Here the researcher will look into the specific situation of the nurses in the selected infirmary and attempt to move to the generalization of the findings.3.2.3. RESEARCH STRATEGYThe next important layer in the research onion is research strategy. There are various strategies that researchers adopt for a particular research study. In Saunders research onion various research strategies are explained. Some of the strategies are experiment, survey, action research, case study, grounded theory, ethnography and archival research (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2007).Experimenta l research is mainly used for the research in visible sciences. It is used to identify the cause effect relationships and verifying inferences. The main features of this proficiency are isolation of factors, replication of experiment, and quantitative measurement of results (Sharavanavel, 2006).Survey research studies large and small populations by selecting and studying samples elect from the populations to discover the relation back incidence, distribution and interrelations of sociological and psychological variables. This research is mainly used to investigate social and psychological factors (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2007).Case study is a comprehensive study of a social unit. Here the subject of the study is a person, group, or a social institution. In this research the context is analysed in detail. Real life situations in real life context is analysed and studied (Sharavanavel, 2006). execute research is a study associated with a particular project and problem (Coghlan Brannick, 2009). The objective of this research can be finding immediate settlement for a problem faced in a society. Therefore we can say that action research is concerned with existent life. It studies the what, how, and why of actual life. In short it is an attempt to understand the present issues and a jock to predict the future changes (Jonker Pennink, 2009).Grounded theory is a qualitative research study. It is mainly used in the social sciences. When the traditional scientific method looks to perplex the research with a hypothesis this method is adopts the system of going promptly into the data collection first. All the data collected are fixed in different codes to identify common factors. From the group of these codes then a theory is formed (Charmaz, 2006).Ethnography is a unique qualitative research method. In this study the researcher will stay in the research location. The researcher stays with the population and get a first open information from the particular culture or group (Murchison, 2009).The final element in the Research strategy is Archival research strategy. It means the completed study will be based on the materials of the study unbroken in some archives by some other researchers. In this strategy a huge quantity of data is available and so often the data remain un dominatelable. Therefore it is not possible to chance on casual conclusions on the basis of such types of data (Graham, Towl . Crihton, 2010).In this research the researcher has adopted the strategy of a case study to withstand data from the samples selected. The study will be conducted among the nurses in a private hospital.3.2.4. CHOICESThe next layer in the research onion is Choice. These choices can be divided into Mono method, Mixed method and Multi method. In this researcher adopts one method for his study from various methods of research. In Mixed method the researcher adopts generally two methods such as qualitative or quantitative research methods. In M ulti method a number of research methods are brought together to investigate or to make a study (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2007).In this study of the occupational sample of the nurses the researcher has adopted mixed method and multi method of choice. Yet only the qualitative research method is used here by the researcher to do the studies on the occupational tension among the nurses.3.2.5. TIME HORIZONESTime Horizons can be indicated as a age target fixed. A time boundary is usually fixed for the closedown of a task or activity. It refers to a planning or a preparation. Here the time limit for the completion of a research study is explained. There are two types of time horizons. The first one is foil Sectional and the second is Longitudinal. In Cross sectional study the time is prefixed for the completion a study. In longitudinal no time is limit for the data collection, data analysis, and other completion of the research. Behavioral studies usually conducted in longitudinal methods as it needs a long time for observation (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2009).In this study of the occupational stress of the nurses the time horizon was overcome sectional method that was adopted by the researcher. The time horizon for conducting the research was prefixed and planned. A limited period of time was allotted to the researcher to conduct the data collection for the samples selected.3.2.6. DATA COLLECTION AND DATA ANALYSISThe about important elements in a research study are data collection and data analysis. A systematically collected data and its ripe analysis will answer a research question. It is a technique with a procedure (Bryman Bell, 2007). The reliability and validity of a research is like a shot applied to the measurement of data (Wood Ross-Kerr, 2010). There are two types of data collected for a systematic analysis for any research. They are elemental selective information and Secondary Data (Kumar, 2008).3.2.6.1.The Primary DataPrimary Data refer s to that information that are generated first time or that are generated to accept the specific requirements of the investigation at hand. Primary data is collected directly from the respondents or the subjects of experiment (Yin, 2010). Here there is a proper control over the information gathered (Bhattacharyya, 2006). The major disadvantage here is that it is more time consuming. Some times the primary data collection becomes more difficult as the suitable persons or samples are not at hand (Reason Bradbury, 2006).There are various sources of primary data. They are, Questionnaire, Interview Schedules and interviews, focalisation groups, Case Studies, Experiments, Observations, Surveys and Discussions (Collrel McKenzie, 2010).The researcher, in this study, has collected the primary source of data by employing interview schedule, and structured questionnaire. The Questionnaire enlists questions, which translate the research objectives into specific questions. The question must also encourage the respondent so that the necessary data is obtained. In this study the researcher has employed both factual as surface as opinion and attitude questions.3.2.6.2. Secondary DataSecondary data is not collected directly from the respondents. Here the data has been collected by some others (Bhattacharyya, 2006). It can be collection of the review of the primary data. The collection of lower-ranking data is cheap in terms of time and economy. For a comparison of two types of statistics and reaching to an inference auxiliary data can be very effective. Yet the secondary data can be outdated and can be subjective as it has already evolved in the mind of somebody else. Secondary data can be unmanageable and vast making it to be inappropriate for a particular purpose (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2007).There are various sources of secondary data. Books, Journals, News Papers, Reports and publications, Articles in magazines and websites, politics statistics, company or or ganization statistics (Bryman Bell, 2007).In this study to collect the secondary data the researcher will be using various materials pertaining to the exit of the research. A number of books, health related articles, health journals, web pages, hospital statistics and news papers will be used for the collection of secondary data.Data analysis is an important area in the completion of the research (Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2007). There are various techniques to analyse the data collected, such as Frequency Distributions, and Cross Tabulations, Descriptive Statistics, T-Tests and Analysis of Variance, Self Analysis, Regression, Data decrement or Factor analysis, Cluster and Discriminant Analysis and Hierarchical Liner copy etc.(Bernard Ryan, 2009).In this research the researcher has used the self analysis method for the analysis of the data collected. The Data will be analyzed systematically. The information collected will be presented in tables with equivalent charts and diagr am wherever required. The researcher also used pie chart and bar diagrams for data analysis.3.3. RESEARCH DESIGNA research design is an outline of the plan, structure and strategy of the research. This outline specifies the how the research is carried out, what methodology and techniques are adopted for achieving objectives. With out such a logical and systematic plan no scientific study is possible (Myers, 2009).EXPLANATORYEXPOLORATORYDESCRIPTIVERESEARCH DESIGNFigure 3.3Source Created By the Author (2010)The Exploratory study aims at formulation of a new insight into a phenomenon. The Descriptive study aims at depicting accurately the characteristics of a particular group or situation. Explanatory study only and explanation of something happening will be looked into (Pope Mays, 2006).In this study of the occupational stress of the nurses the researcher has used a descriptive design. It enables the researcher to describe or present the picture of the phenomenon under investigati on. This design is used in the study to describe the relationship between the occupational stress and the nurses employed in the hospital selected for the study.3.4. SAMPLESA sample is a littler representation of a large whole from where it is taken. It is a section of the population selected in such a way that they are the representative of the instauration (Kothari, 2008).3.4.1. Sample SizeSample size is the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute a sample. For the study here the sample size is 40.3.4.2. sample TechniquesIt is the selection of a part of an aggregate on the basis of which a judgment about the joinity is made. It is the method of selecting some fraction of the total population or target group. This small group will cede judgments to be made about larger groups. Basically there are two types of ingest methods used. They are probability sampling and non probability sampling (Kumar, 2008).Figure 3.4Source Saunders, Lewis, Thomhil, 2009)In r esearch process, there are probability sampling methods and Non-probability methods used to obtain data from the samples selected.Since this research is carried out among the nurses on the job(p) in a hospital, the accessibility of the respondents in the sample population cannot be ensured. Moreover, the researcher employs a couple of associates to collect data and for them time and availability of respondents are crucial. Thus, the researcher has used Non-Probability Convenient method of sampling in which all the members of the sample have equal chances of selection and they have been chosen according to their availability and convenience of the research associates (Offredy Vickers, 2010).3.5. CONCLUSIONThe explanation of the research onion helped the researcher to understand the process and different variables of the research. This chapter presents the methodology used by the researcher. The methodology used in this study will is qualitative and inductive. The researcher will also use primary and secondary sources of data to make his analysis and conclusion.