Post Natal Depression Case Study

business office Natal Depression bailiwick StudyTable of ContentsCase StudyC atomic count 18 course of studyMedical Point of viewThe Role of the controlconstruction a therapeutic relationshipRespect and EmpathyCommunicationTackling the problemThe h whizzsty Therapy and alternative therapy.Working the therapy with RachelProblems met during sessions.ConclusionCase Study.A 21 year white-haired peeress presented at Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) stating that she has these images in her mind that she is vent to vilify her baby. She was experiencing an excessive fear of what she susceptibility do to her baby since these thoughts were coitus her that she was going to knock the babys head a relieve unrivaledselfst the w either.She was physically diswhitethorn with fear and anxiety. She had reduced her food in outcome and this had resulted in considerable burthen loss. She was non sleeping at night prima(p) to tiredness, lethargy which was hindering Rachel (imaginary name) from do her daily chores.The pregnancy was un imagened exactly her boyfriend Robert (imaginary name) was actually corroboratory during and after the pregnancy. He was precise worried much or little Rachel since she had a eat up change in character and from a happy go easy-heeled person she had turned into an introvert al expressive styles worried and d takecast.Rachel pard unrivalledd that she had always thought that perplexhood would be an enjoyable conclusion in biography. She had always dreamt of this period much thanover she had never imagined that it would end up to be the worst dumb rig of her tin. She was so focused on her baby that she had forgotten how to live. She was all the clock beat concentrating on her babehood, how much she had felt overlooked by her m separate at that prison term and her innermost fear was that she entrust end up behaving analogous her that is why she had stop operateing, going out and enjoying everyday life. Despite this, she was quality guilty that she was non prominent enough attention to her baby.CIT wisecracks follow up sessions for 3 to 4 weeks, during which Rachel was asked to discover her problems and prioritise them. By placeing aras w here she would like to mitigate, she would be littleening her suffering and make herself discover break-dance this was done unitedly with the arrest.C atomic subdue 18 stick outMedical Point of viewRachel was seen by the CIT psychiatrist who prescribed antidepressants with the aim to subdue and alleviate Rachels mood. Glasser (2003) complained that it is a grieve that nowadays psychiatrist and medical doctors prescribe psychiatric drugs prior giving counselling sessions commencement. The role of the harbor regarding her treatment was to educate the persevering regarding the brilliance of concordance and informing Rachel or so whatever side personal effects that mogul lead when catching treatment.The Role of the controlThe r ole of the fellate is to sponsor the long-suffering get better by offering the optimum level of alimony in wander to empower her patient and answer him/her improve his/her quality of life. Smith, Wolf and Turkel in 2012, explained that for the patient to be cured, s/he require to be c bed for as no curing can occur without caring (p.137). The nurse c be plan should be planned together with the patient in order to identify the patients take, plan and set goals to overcome the obstacles. Kelsey (2013) stated that NHS is violenceing on patient participation in the care plan as this will help the nurse to shackle more with the patient while the patient will chance more empowered. This concept is firmly believed at CIT, and it was always stressed that all professionals work for optimum care delivery together with patient. The patient alike has the even off to choose family members and/or friends whom he wished to be involved in his/her care.Building a therapeutic relation shipIn order to formulate a care plan with the patient, a therapeutic relationship must be built for a successful outcome. Caring is base on a relationship and for relationships to be effective twain parties must be involved, (Govier, 1992). The fulcrum of nursing care is building a nurse-patient relationship by engaging with the patient and his carers.Building a therapeutic relationship helps the nurse to gain indispensible learning slightly her/his patient whilst the patient learns how to invest the nurse (Lehman et al., 2004). Although according to nurses trust is vital for building a therapeutic relationship, this can be very difficult to establish with the patient.Literature states that trust has been a debatable bailiwick in research it does non concern exclusively on the health care profession just includes also the institutions and other works providing the care, (Laugharne Priebe, 2006). In Malta at that place is still a good amount of stigma regarding rationa l Health and Mental Hospital thus people are unnerved to talk intimately their psychological health problems. The stigma that surrounds the name of the mental health hospital in Malta still carries fear of the unkn witness and beliefs about mental ailment hinder the patients from assaying help. This often results in unappeasable deterioration leading to an involuntary admission (Farrugia, 2006).The identical thing happened with Rachel at the beginning of our sessions when she was still terrified to discuss her innermost thoughts, believing that she would be labeld and labelled as mentally ill thus providing grounds for an admission. Rachel inevitable to overcome her fears and start to confide in the nurse.In order to gain her trust, the nurse had to reassure Rachel that no disability will come to her and if she wishes CIT could offer her care in the community reassuring her fears regarding hospitalisation. This could only happen if Rachel agrees to work with the team membe rs and keep to the plan which they had concord on together. Rachel agreed with the proposal inviting her boyfriend to join the plan, which he accepted. Support and information was provided to both parties and they were well-provided with the plan.Respect and EmpathyThe nurse assured Rachel that both parties should respect each other. Papastavrou et al (2012) explains that to appearing respect towards a patient one should allow autonomy, show dignity towards the person, care for him/her holistically and ensure privacy and confidentiality. Assuring the patient that since she is seeking help, the teams aim was to provide that help and non to judge her thoughts and actions.For the nurse to be able to beneathstand the patient better she has to lay out him/herself in the patients shoes and this skill is called Empathy. Empathy was found reformative to humanize the care delivered to the patient (Barker, 2003). When the nurse shows that his/her aspirations are genuine and is move to understand the situation by offering help and keeping placements, the patient will start to trust her/him.CommunicationEstablishing trust, showing respect and empathy to the patient, needs good communication skills Taylor, Lillis, Lemone, Lynn, and Smeltzer (1989), claimed that a therapeutic relationship can never be built if there is no good communication skills. It is unconditional for the nurse to learn to listen attentively to verbal communication exclusively also to learn to ascertain the non-verbal communication that the patient is sending. Through the non-verbals, the nurse can extract information which the patient wishes to hide such(prenominal) as fear and anxiety through her body language (Stuart, 2009). Glasser (2003), emphasised on the importance to allow time for patient to narrate their problem, in order to be able to assess the patient in depth.Tackling the problemShe does not like her life at the moment.She misses work and school (she was learning art, her interest is drawing)She hates the thought of becoming like her motherShe hates the thoughts that are obscuring her mind preventing her from enjoying life.The nurse went through the list of problems written by the patient and together with Rachel she well-tried to group them into categories. Keeping in mind that CIT service is provided over a limited amount of time, it is of utmost importance that the team tackle the urgent problems which put one over prevented the patient from functioning normally and reaching a Crisis. For subsidiary problems, Rachel will be referred to another team who can offer utmosting term care.The first two problems discussed were the situation that she is absent from work and not attending art school at the moment. This fact is making her feel useless and lonely. She is not doing these things because she thinks that if she starts to do things that she used to enjoy, she will neglect her child. This will make her worst fear that she will become like h er mother come true. This do it easier for the nurse to narrow the amount of problems because in agreement with Rachel they decided to group all the three problems under one top dog fear of becoming like mum. Rachel admitted that if she could be sure that she would be zilch like her mother she would feel less stressed.The second problem was her grotesque thoughts which were persecuting her. During the first meeting they discussed at space the issue of harming her child and what opportunity there was that she would actually harm him. She took so much care of her child since his birth three months ago that it was highly unlikely that she would ever harm him. In globe she was caring fulltime for the child, taking care of him 24 hours a day and never leaving his side. Rachels boyfriend assured the nurse that she never left her child unattended. He explained that they were living with her mother who took care of the house chores and gave them moral bet on whilst Rachel took care o f her child. later discussing all this with Rachel it was cogitate that what she was vox populi was unhappy, she lost her joy of living. It was master(prenominal) for Rachel to try to control her thoughts and worries and to try learning to sort them out. First she needs to work out if the worries are founded or not and when that answer is found she needs to choose whether to give the sack or believe them. The nurse opted to work with Rachel on the steps of Reality/ Reality Theory by Glasser to help her overcome these fears.The Reality Therapy/ prime(prenominal) therapy.William Glasser developed Reality therapy way back in the sixties and it was based on identity theory, (Zastrow, 2010). The last two decades Glasser noted that his therapy focused more on human behaviour, how can it be altered and improved leading him to change the name of Reality Therapy to Choice Therapy, (Wubbolding, 2013). The choice theory explains how the life of the individual is determined by the choices h e made. Every individual has his perceptions about his/her reality of life and according to Glasser the individual behaviour is in aeonian attempt to narrow amid what we want and what we see (Zastrow, 2010 pg 491). The aim of the therapy is to help and teach individual to satisfy the internal motivation and or prefatory psychological needs.The Choice therapy focuses on the basic needs of the individual. Glasser (1996) explained that the therapy emphasised the tetrad basic psychological needs which included belonging, power, freedom and survival (Jong-un, 2007). be refers to family and friends. People with whom a person can heartyise, enjoy him/herself with, as well as feel loved. Power refers to the individual achievements in life such as achieving dreams and feeling worthwhile. Having your own space, acting independently, creation autonomous and deciding for yourself covers the need of freedom. Whereas, survival needs are covered by nourishment, refer relationships and she lter. Sunich (2007) in his article argued that Glasser wrote about five basic needs and the ones mentioned higher up and adding fun.Contrary to traditional theories, the Reality Therapy promotes the idea to focus on the here and now and reduce concentrating on the past. The therapy is based on the patients willingness to change, make choices, take responsibility and sustain commitment. Its aim is to assess and identify the unmet needs of the patient exploring what behaviours they are displaying that either countenance or interpose with them meeting their needs (Sunich, 2007 pg.3).Working the therapy with RachelThe nurse explained how choice therapy works and Rachel agreed that she would like to give it a try. The nurse explained that reality therapy is best summarized as WDEP which means wanting, doing, evaluation and planning, (Cameron, 2013)In Rachels situation, it is important to focus on what she really Wants she wished to get rid of her thoughts and fear. It was explained to her that she needs to start to learn to identify unrealistic thoughts and learn to control them. after(prenominal) the problem was ascertained the nigh step taken was to ask Rachel what she was Doing to try and get what she wished for. Rachel tried to explain what she had been doing but Evaluating the situation together Rachel admitted that the method she had chosen was not work. After that Rachel and the nurse agreed to try and formulate a new Plan which will help Rachel gain her joy in life back,(Cameron, 2013) .In the first session Rachel get outd herself as blocked in a b need tunnel, she was afr advocate to talk about her thoughts because the nurse major power think that she was going grue close to. but could feel that with the right corroborate there is hope for her indisposition. The nurse had to explain to Rachel that she should stop labelling herself as depressed and concentrate on how she was feeling at that moment. Rachel admitted she was feeling unhappy, and thi s was caused because the patient had stopped doing the things, she liked to do so that she would be able to concentrate on her son 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Although she knew that she was still fearful of the thought that she expertness harm the baby. The nurse explained that feeling unhappy for a reason is not being crazy the important thing is doing something about it to improve the situation (Glasser, 2003).The thought that she might harm the baby was explored at length. Rachel admitted that she never did anything to harm her baby, she loved him unconditionally, and she took care of his Adls. She never misses his ap insinuatement at the baby clinic where they confirm that the baby is very good for you(p) and this was confirmed by Robert. The nurse documented everything they said on a page divided into two columns, labelled good care and neglect After Rachel finished, the nurse handed her the paper and explained to her what she had done. All the things Rachel had stated were listed under the good care column and the neglect column remained empty. Then the nurse asked Rachel Seeing this paper how much are the chances that you are neglecting your son? Rachel stared amaze at the paper as she answered none, thus this makes your thought unfounded. The nurse explained to Rachel needs to learn to do this exercise each time she has a thought so that she can identify if the thought is realistic or just an imaginary one.So they planned Rachels homework until her coterminous session which focused mainly on identifying the thought and reasoning it out. After the first session she confessed that she felt better the fear that she was going crazy subsided, she felt that she was not alone any more in her juicy tunnel and hope was instilled.Sessions went by and Rachel started to learn how to control her thoughts better but choosing to ignore them. She was better but not good enough yet. Rachel had to start to stay away from her son a couple of hours so she has time for herself. It was the biggest step for her and as she described it as the most unhingeful but with the help of Robert and their extended families she started to work a couple of hours a week. This made a drastic change in Rachels mood and she started to feel happy again. She started to make friends and felt that she belonged in society again and not isolated anymore.Happiness or mental health is enjoying the life you are choosing to live, getting along well with the people near and dear to you, doing something with your life you believe is worthwhile, and not doing anything to deprive anyone else of the same chance for happiness you hand (Glasser, 2003 pg 7).Problems met during sessions.Seeing the story in writing might look as if it had been easy to empower Rachel enough to achieve goal. It included four weeks of intensifier counselling with two planned sessions a week and several border calls from Rachel asking for support and reassurance. This could be done by praising Rach el for her decisions and actions. at that place were generation that the patient had to be confronted about her decision for example you are thinking and assuming that your mum will not be unfastened to look after your baby. Did she show any signs of mistreating him or being unromantic towards the baby? Are these just your thoughts tormenting you or there are facts which might lead you to think that she is incapable of looking after him? There are many authors who criticise this method because of the above they argue that it is a harshly confronted therapeutic approach towards the patient. Wubbolding and Brickell (2000), did not deny it but emphasised the fact that reality therapy is a gently confronted approach. Glasser (2002), explained irradiately the consequences of septenary deadly habits, which may arise during reality therapy session. These habits are criticising, blaming, complaining, nagging, threatening punishing and bribing or honour to control, but they cannot be a llowed in any relationship because they will only destroy it (Sommers-Flanagan Sommers-Flanagan, 2012).There was one episode at the beginning when Rachel entered the use unannounced shaking and sobbing. She was so desperate at that moment that she could not even talk. The nurse waited for Rachel to calm down but each time she did and the nurse asked her to talk Rachel ended up sobbing again. After more than half an hour, in a soft but stern juncture the nurse had to tell Rachel that she had to speak up if she wanted help. The statement might have sounded insensible and blunt but it was all about the reality of the situation Rachel understood that and reached for a paper and with salient bother wrote what was lamentable her. Sommers-Flanagan Sommers-Flanagan (2012) agreed with other above authors who believe that Reality therapy at times is too directive and might become almost offensive and unethical towards the patient.ConclusionRachel started to look forward to her therapy session she worked hard on her problems, unploughed with the plan and gradually she reached her goal. Basic knowledge about the therapy helped the nurse patch the sessions but also made her aware of the need for more intensive training (Sommers-Flanagan Sommers-Flanagan, 2012).Post Natal Depression Case StudyPost Natal Depression Case StudyThe Experience of Health sickness Level 2 Assessment Client Study goal and the service user experienceThis essay details the experiences that I had in dealings with and observing a Mrs. N, a 28 yr old lady who safely delivered a baby female child in December of last year. Her major problem was the evolution of post original stamp, but there were a chassis of contributory factors which were relevant in her slip, one of which was her conclusion and ethnic background which coloured both her expectations and her reactions to the various landmarks which punctuated her illness trajectory.1. depict a specialized lymph node/user and pr ovide a pictural but non-judgemental description of his or her personality, family, heathen and cordial background (include employment, education, hold etc).Mrs. N is a Bangladeshi lady who has been married for seven eld. It was an position marriage. She is 28 yrs old which means that she was married comparatively late for her shade. Her husband, (Mr. N) is a year older than her and has been living and working in the UK for 8 years as a capital of the United Kingdom Transport bus driver. He has been working to set up a home in the UK and it was always the intention that Mrs. N would come to the UK when conditions were stable for them.Mrs. N has lived in her in-laws home in Bangladesh until last year when she was granted permission to enter the UK and live with her husband. The seven years that she spent with her husbands family were very difficult for her. She had a commodious deal of hindrance in coping with her mother-in-laws (Mrs S.) exultant and dictatorial manner. Mrs S felt that it was her place to mould and shape her daughter-in-laws life and manners to suit what she considered to be her place in society.Mrs. N had only a limited education and would be considered to be less well educated than her husband. This was a major issue for the husbands family and there was the underlying feeling that he could have done better for himself. Mrs S appeared never to miss an opportunity to remind Mrs. N of this fact. (Tseng, W et al. 2001)An additional factor was that both Mr. Mrs. N were intensely aware of the heathenish and family expectations on them to have children. Although Mr. N frequently visited his wife in Bangladesh, she had not conceived for 6 years, which led to anxiety between the couple and friction between Mrs. N and Mrs S.When Mrs. N eventually became pregnant, she came to the UK to live with her husband in a culture that she was un well-known(prenominal) with and could only speak rudimentary English. She felt very isolated and had diffi culty in coping with the day to day problems of living.2. translate a brief outline (no more than 200 300 words) of the bag of their need for health care (i.e. pregnancy or other specific physiological condition) highlighting only those aspects that may have implications for their ethnical and amicable health and well-being.Mrs. N had a relatively uneventful pregnancy and a normal delivery. Routine midwife post delivery checks were normal, but it was sight buy the health visitor that Mrs. N was becoming progressively more withdrawn, tearful and unable to cope with the new baby at about the 3 month period. This was difficult to assess as Mrs. N had difficulty in expressing herself and also was reluctant to involve the healthcare professionals in what she dictum as her problem. There was some debate amongst members of the primary healthcare team as to whether these changes were indicative of post natural depression or whether they were due to social isolation or perhaps a comb ination of both factors.Post natal depression and cultureA number of studies have shown that post natal depression occurs with a similar incidence across virtually all cultures and civilisations. (viz. Marks, M. N. et al. 1992). It is known that perinatal psychoses are a leading cause of paternal morbidity and suicide related to such morbidity is the major cause of maternal mortality in both the UK and in Northern Europe. (CEMD 2001). There is no good quality make work detailing the prevalence of such mortality in Asian countries, but there is no tell to suggest that it is in any way significantly different from the European figures. In any event, one can understandably deduce that post natal depression (and the other perinatal psychoses) are a major cause of debility.Post natal depression is also known to be associated with longer term consequences for maternal mental health, marital problems and also the psychological health of the marital partner. (Asten P et al. 2004). It is also known to be associated with a number of adverse effects on the social and cognitive development of the infant and other siblings in the family. (Murray, J et al. 2003)A brief overview of the literature on the subject however, shows that the great majority of the studies conducted into the subject of post natal depression has been undertaken in Hesperian societies (viz. Kumar, R. 2004). The consequence of this observation is that such research generally does not take into account the range of psychosocial experiences that are associated with other cultures and civilisations where there are differing rate of lone motherhood, differing degrees of social support and family bonding, quite a apart from the different emphasis placed on relationships within marriage, kinship and family. All of these factors will intuitively impact on the incidence and nature (and possibly the clinical presentation) of post natal depression.3. Define how you are using the notion of culture for the pur poses of the assignment. judge to make explicit answers to the following questions What evidence and research did you use to describe and analyse the customers/users cultural perspectives, needs and any other factors that might influence their understanding and interpretation of health, illness and treatments? How did you gather the evidence? Evidence here must include the client/users own narratives. What were your determinations? For example, how did the user/client describe their experience and how did their story vista with what you observed in practice? How did it fit with theory you have read? Were they seen as difficult or good clients by practitioners if so on what grounds and how might this be explained?Culture is a complex concept. about definitions refer to various patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance. Cultures can be understood as systems of symbols and meanings that even their creators contest, that lack fixed boundaries, that are constantly in flux, and that interact and compete with one another (Findley A et al. 2006)Mrs. Ns culture was a profound consideration in this case. Unlike many of her countrywomen, she had not become in any way anglicised and was, to a large extent, completely unprepared for the immense cultural changes that she experienced between her lifetime home in agricultural Bangladesh and her new home in suburban London. If one adds to this the inevitable stresses of her first pregnancy, the loss of support of her (albeit critical) family and the advent of post natal depression.Bangladeshi culture regards childbirth as a major life event, generally with a greater significance than in western civilisations. (Cox, J. L. 2006). It is specifically considered to be one of the major rites of passage of a woman, not only from childhood to adulthood, but also into social respectability. (Gautam, S et al. 1992). Bangladeshi society has a number of specific ri tuals, prohibitions and proscriptions which typically accompany the passage of the woman into motherhood which are generally not found in western societies. These rituals both aid and guide the new mother, as well as providing the social support networks, to help the new mother adapt to her newly acquired role. It has been suggested that these rituals may assist in protecting new mothers from becoming depressed. (Seel, R. M. 1996)In the case of Mrs. N however, it is clear that she had no back up of such rituals or social network support, as she found herself being suddenly removed from her familiar society and being suddenly transported (at a very critical and emotionally charged time in her life) into an alien an unknown culture where she could not easily communicate with the healthcare professionals who were trying to help her.In a landmark study of transcultural birthing practices in 1983, Stern Kruckman found surprisingly little evidence of the phenomenon identified in Western diagnoses as postpartum depression and suggested that the lack of post-partum rituals in Western society might be a cause of postnatal depression. (Stern, G et al. 1983). The authors support this finding with the comment that The effectiveness of counselling in treating the condition may be through its re-creation of post-partum structure and the provision of social support which might formerly have been provided by the extended family (in Asian societies) and public quotation of the new role.An additional feature which was not immediately apparent, but only came to light later in the trajectory of the management of the illness, was the fact that Mrs. N felt ashamed that she had given birth to a baby girl. In Bangladeshi culture it is considered a sign of cultural status to have boys, particularly the first child. Shaheen R et al. 2006). The fact that Mrs. N had a girl reduced her own self esteem enormously.4. You should develop a watchword of the estimation of the persons actual and potential cultural needs, with type to a specific theoretical perspective that has been introduced in the module e.g. social class and effects on health or the impact of illness on the family. As far as possible, use the evidence of the client/users own words to provide a more vivid cleverness of the client/users view and to give a robust basis for your own analysis and discussion.Studies which have considered the cultural implications of post natal depression lay to a number of factors which can be considered independent jeopardy factors for the development of post natal depression. (Kit, L. K et al. 1997). In specific regard to the case of Mrs. N , one can identify many of these as being relevant to her case.We shall consider each factor in turn.Many studies point to a number of factors that are a cause of happiness in pregnancy (which reduce the incidence of post natal depression) and these include find of pregnancy and the awareness of foetal movement. There is no doub t that Mrs. N was delighted to find that she was pregnant, not only because it pleased Mrs S, but also it meant that she would join her husband in the UK. This has to be contrasted with the disconfirming factors including the initial difficulty in conception in Asian families as being a factor which increases the likelihood of post natal depression. (Mari, J et al. 1999)Further negative associations were physical illness and discomfort, nausea, tiredness and a lack of sleep, (OHara, M. W et al. 1996) all of which were relevant to Mrs. N as she had bad back pain from about 18 weeks onwards which limited both her mobility and her ability to sleep comfortably. This pain did not resolve quickly after delivery and the lack of sleep persisted as she tried to establish breast feeding and experienced great difficulty as the baby did not feed well and consequently would not sleep well.The role of healthcare professionals is often cited as a cause of postnatal unhappiness in studies that in volve Asian women (viz. Pillsbury, B. L. K. (1998) gestation period staff who are unsympathetic, and little time to talk (or difficulty in talking) are the commonest negative associations. Mrs. N certainly experienced both of these factors with some of the hospital staff and found her hospital visits very difficult.Fortunately Mrs. N has a normal, relatively atraumatic delivery which therefore spared her another independent risk factor for post natal depression.5. How were these cultural needs addressed? If they were not, or only partially met, say so and describe in what way you feel they might have been better achieved.Mrs. Ns cultural needs were not met in a number of ways. Clearly the family support that she would normally expect to count upon was limited to her husband. This comment has to be seen in the context that her husband was a man, although she had known him for several years she had never lived in close dependent proximity to him before she was pregnant. In the same wa y, Mr. N was also a comparative stranger to this situation and he did not have other members of his family group to advise and support him. In the context of this small nuclear family unit (which clearly is not the cultural norm in Bangladesh) it was not surprising that tempers were frayed and that Mr. N did not always support his wife. It is possible that he did not even cut the signs of the pathophysiology of the post natal depression.The language difficulty persisted. The hospital services provided a translator, but this lady was not present at every antecedent that Mrs. N attended the hospital and therefore she sometimes had to rely on other Bangladeshi women to translate and to help her. Clearly this was far from satisfactory.6. tender a conclusion with some indication of how your experience of this particular persons needs have informed your practice and evaluate your own interactions and experience with the client/user/patient and their carers. For further details on subm itting assessments, pass requirements and other information please refer to the separate assessment pack.I have considered the case of Mrs. N at great length and reflected on its implications for my personal practice. (Palmer 2005). It is with some sadness that I look back. It seems clear that Mrs. N had a number of circumstances relevant to her post natal depression which were largely beyond her control. The fact that her world was uprooted while she was in the early stages of pregnancy and she was transported to a culture that was alien to anything that she had previously known, clearly was a major de-stabilising factor for her. The factors which could have been changed would have to be the fact that an empathetic translator could have been present at every interaction with the healthcare professionals and this might have not only eased her problems but might have given the healthcare professionals a reciprocal perceptivity into her predicament.With her past history, one might re asonably deduce that she had a number of major risk factors for post natal depression and therefore it should have been actively considered from the point of delivery. There is a considerable body of evidence which suggests that the earlier post natal depression is positively diagnosed and aggressively treated, the less severe its eventual trajectory becomes. (Dennis C L 2005). The language difficulties, tenderness of cultural difficulties and a reluctance on the part of Mrs. N to seek help all contributed to her post natal depression reaching quite a severe level before it was finally recognised.References Asten P, M. N. Marks, and M. R. Oates (2004) Aims, measures, study sites and player samples of the Transcultural Study of Postnatal Depression. The British Journal of psychopathology, February 1, 2004 184 (46) s3 s9.CEMD (2001) Confidential Enquiries into maternal Deaths Why Mothers Die 1997 1999. The Fifth Report of the UK Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths. London Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.Cox, J. L. 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Health Visitor, 59, 11 22.Shaheen R, Andres de Francisco, Shams El Arifeen, Eva-Charlotte Ekstrm, and Lars ke Persson (2006) Effect of prenatal food accessory on birth weight an observational study from Bangladesh. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, Jun 2006 83 1355 1361.Stern, G. Kruckman, L. (1983) Multidisciplinary perspectives on postpartum depression an anthropological critique. Social Science and Medicine, 17, 1027 -1041.Tseng, W. Hus, J. (2001) Culture and Family Problems and Therapy. New York Haworth Press.1.7.08 Word count 3,070 PDG